Texas A&M University (TAMU) NUTR 202 Fundamentals of Human Nutrition Exam 1 Practice

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• If a fat portion contains 15 g, how many kilocalories does it contribute?
• Why must digestion occur before absorption?
• Nitrogen balance is defined as the difference between nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion; it indicates growth, maintenance, or loss states.
• Which statement correctly defines the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?
• What percentage of vitamin K is produced by gut bacteria (E. coli) in the large intestine?
• Which statement correctly defines Adequate Intake (AI)?
• Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of which vitamin?
• What is the function of the urea cycle?
• Which part of the GI tract is the primary site of macronutrient absorption?
• Which vitamin is water-soluble?
• Phytochemicals are best described as which of the following?
• Which DRIs value is used to indicate the highest daily intake unlikely to cause adverse effects?
• Glycemic Index describes which of the following best regarding blood glucose response?
• Which statement accurately describes the transport roles of LDL and HDL?
• Pernicious anemia is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?
• Which of the following describes a waste-processing function of the large intestine?
• What is the recommended daily fluid intake guideline for adults?
• Which nutrient contains nitrogen in its composition?
• Which statement about GI tract sphincters is true?
• DRIs are designed for healthy people and are categorized based on what factors?
• The large intestine is approximately how long?
• What is the role of Vitamin D in calcium homeostasis?
• Which micronutrient is described as regulating biochemical reactions and acting as antioxidants?
• Which statement correctly identifies electrolytes?
• What is the function of chylomicrons?
• Which statement about the mouth's role in digestion is true?
• Which statement best describes how RDA and AMDR differ?
• Which feature increases surface area by 3x?
• Types of carbohydrates consumed may affect health. Which statement is supported by the material?
• What is the role of salivary amylase?
• What is the approximate minimum daily carbohydrate intake to spare protein and prevent ketosis?
• Water-soluble vitamins are best described by which statement?
• DRIs were developed to maintain health and prevent deficiencies.
• Nutrigenetics refers to the effects of genes on nutritional health, including what concept?
• Ptyalin is another name for which enzyme?
• Why do people make the food choices they do, according to the common primary reason?
• How are simple sugars described in terms of digestion and energy?
• Which category includes vitamins and minerals?
• Which nutrient yields 9 kcal per gram?
• Which statement best describes the general role of water in nutrition?
• AMDR stands for which of the following?
• Which nutrient is essential for regulating body temperature and hydration but provides no energy?
• Which carbohydrate is the storage form of carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles of animals?
• Which enzymes are activated by hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
• Which vitamin acts as a cofactor for carboxylase enzymes involved in fat synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism (biotin)?
• Which of the following is not a component of macronutrients considered in AMDR?
• Daily Values on nutrition labels are based on a diet of how many kilocalories?
• In a whole grain kernel, which component makes up about 83%?
• Which fatty acid pair are essential fatty acids?
• Which kernel component makes up about 14% of the grain kernel?
• Mucus in the stomach is produced by which cells?
• Which organ stores and releases bile?
• Approximately how much chyme is released into the small intestine at a time?
• Which statement about hydrochloric acid in the stomach is true?
• During energy metabolism, what happens to acetyl-CoA produced by beta-oxidation?
• Dietary Fiber is composed of repeating units of glucose and other monosaccharides that cannot be digested by human enzymes. Which description best fits dietary fiber?
• Name two fat-soluble vitamins and two water-soluble vitamins.
• What are the energy yields in kcal per gram for carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol?
• What triggers the production of gastric juices in the stomach?
• Non-nutritive sweeteners are described as:
• What are the routes of transmission for peptic ulcers described in the material?
• Lactase is associated with lactose breakdown; which monosaccharides are produced?
• In energy metabolism, ATP is primarily used for what?
• Which nutritional condition is characterized by edema from protein deficiency?
• Monosaccharides are described as:
• Glycogen is stored in which tissues?
• Undernutrition is best defined as which of the following?
• What vitamin production is attributed to the large intestine microbiota?
• What is a probiotic?
• In energy metabolism, what is ATP primarily used for?
• Flavor perception is primarily influenced by which sense?
• Which DRIs value represents the maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse effects?
• Name the three major components of energy expenditure.
• Which statement about villi's vessels is true?
• What is listed as the primary cause of peptic ulcers in the material?
• Almost all nutrients are absorbed in which organ?
• Which macronutrient is most associated with satiety per calorie?
• Which statement accurately reflects updates to the Nutrition Facts Label regarding sugars?
• Which structure contains microvilli and brush border enzymes?
• Fortified foods are defined as foods with nutrients added to them that weren't present before.
• EAR stands for which of the following?
• Which of the following describes mechanical digestion?
• Which is the fingerlike projection that absorbs nutrients?
• Which statement about vitamin B12 absorption is true?
• Which statement best describes the role of essential fatty acids in the diet?
• What do large intestinal bacteria do with plant fibers?
• Microminerals are defined as minerals required in amounts:
• What transporter is primarily responsible for glucose absorption in the small intestine?
• What is a practical example of a complete protein source?
• What is the difference between glycemic index and glycemic load?
• Which statement best defines polysaccharides?
• What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adults?
• What does the Nutrition Facts Label describe?
• Which hormone increases appetite?
• What distinguishes complete proteins from incomplete proteins?
• Nutrient density is best described as which of the following?
• All three common monosaccharides share the same chemical formula. Which choice is true?
• Which statement best describes Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
• Where is most water absorbed in the digestive tract?
• Which organ secretes alkaline bicarbonate to neutralize chyme?
• Which nutrients are absorbed in the jejunum and upper ileum?
• The Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide recommendations on diet and lifestyle to reduce disease risk for which group?
• Which mineral category is defined by a daily requirement equal to or greater than 100 mg?
• Where does beta-oxidation predominantly take place?
• Which vitamin is also known as cobalamin?
• According to AMDR guidelines, which carbohydrate range is correct?
• Which of the following is a common prebiotic source?
• What is the function of pancreatic lipase?
• Which of the following is a feature of the Updated Nutrition Facts Label?
• The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea.
• Malnutrition is comprised of two major types. Which pair correctly identifies them?
• An electrolyte is best described as which of the following?
• Which of the following is a macronutrient that provides no energy but regulates hydration and lubrication?
• Which segment of the small intestine handles most digestion and absorption?
• The %DV on nutrition labels is based on a reference diet of how many kcal?
• In nutrition, what is a kilocalorie?
• What is the energy yield in kcal per gram for alcohol?
• Dietary modification for ulcerative colitis may include increasing intake of which type of fatty acid?
• Which vitamin is absorbed primarily in the terminal ileum?
• What distinguishes essential from nonessential amino acids, and why does this matter for protein quality?
• Role of insulin in nutrient metabolism?
• Hydroxyapatite, the mineral component of bone, is primarily composed of which minerals?
• Which option correctly lists the daily recommendations for grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein foods?
• Which hormone decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure?
• What is the role of bile in fat digestion?
• How many kilocalories does 1 gram of fat yield?
• Enriched foods are defined as nutrients added back that were removed during processing.
• Where is the majority of alcohol absorbed in the digestive system?
• Minerals are defined as which type of compounds?
• Which type of carbohydrates typically provides a sustained energy due to slower digestion?
• Sucrase is made up of which monosaccharides?
• Which micronutrient provides structure and regulates biochemical reactions?
• Which foods are commonly cited as sources of probiotics?
• Where do mechanical digestion and the initiation of enzymatic digestion occur?
• Which description matches the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)?
• Approximately how long is the transit time through the large intestine?
• Which statement about the Updated Nutrition Facts Label is true?
• Which statement correctly describes alcohol in relation to energy and function?
• What does BMR stand for and what does it represent?
• Which organ produces bile?
• What does the suffix -ase indicate in biological terms?
• DRIs are an umbrella term for what?
• Which statement best defines a prebiotic?
• Which monosaccharide is absorbed into the bloodstream most readily from the small intestine?
• If transit time decreases, what happens to the movement of food through the GI tract?
• In nutrition labeling, what does %DV indicate?
• How often does the pyloric sphincter release chyme into the small intestine?
• In lactose intolerance, what process leads to gas and discomfort?
• Which statement best describes ulcerative colitis?
• DRIs are intended for planning and assessing diets for which population?
• What is the function of the rugae in the stomach?
• Where does digestion begin?
• Which vessels within the villi absorb fats?
• How many kcal per gram do carbohydrates provide?
• Which structure increases surface area by about 10x?
• Sodium is best absorbed with which other nutrients?
• Intrinsic factor is produced by which stomach cells?
• Which enzyme is released in saliva to help digest carbohydrates?
• Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
• Daily Values on nutrition labels are based on which caloric intake?
• Which of the following is NOT a nutritive sweetener?
• Approximately how many bacteria reside in the large intestine?
• Which statement describes fat absorption?
• The combination of probiotics and prebiotics is called?
• What are the primary functions of the GI tract?
• Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?
• Gastrin primarily controls which aspects of gastric function?
• What is the general role of water in nutrition?
• What is the daily recommended amount for protein foods?
• Empty calories are best described as foods with which characteristic?
• What enzyme initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
• Which description correctly characterizes peptic ulcers?
• Which of the following do not require digestion to be absorbed?
• Which statement about vitamins is true?
• What does the AMDR define and aim for?
• Which vitamin functions as a cofactor for FAD and FADH2 in energy metabolism?
• Which statement about nutrient content on a food label is true?
• Which statement about refined grains is true?
• Which guideline provides acceptable percentage ranges of calories from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
• Micronutrients support metabolism.
• Which carbohydrate is the storage form of carbohydrate in plants?
• Which nutritional condition is characterized by edema, fatty liver, and hair changes due to severe protein deficiency?
• Which statement about mineral absorption is true?
• Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides linked by a chemical bond. Which option reflects this correctly?
• Chylomicron is composed of which components?
• Which statement about vitamin absorption is true?
• What does AMDR specify?
• Which nutrient has about twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbohydrates?
• Which of the following are recognized categories of label claims?
• What unit is used to express energy expenditure per day?
• During beta-oxidation, which molecule is produced that enters the Citric Acid Cycle?
• Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
• Which statement correctly describes simple carbohydrates?
• Which nutrient is primarily for growth and tissue repair?
• Which agency regulates labeling of meat, poultry, and fresh eggs?
• Monosaccharides include which trio?
• What is the function of the ileocecal valve?
• What is the approximate capacity of the stomach?
• What does the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) represent?
• Which statement about protein quality is correct?
• Which term best describes the propulsion function of the large intestine?
• What does glycemic load account for that glycemic index alone does not?
• What is the primary function of the pyloric sphincter?
• What is the primary structural function of minerals in bone health?
• Lactose intolerance is primarily caused by lack of which enzyme?
• AMDR protein range is:
• Which dietary principle emphasizes including foods from all food groups in a healthy diet?
• Which kernel component makes up about 3% of the kernel and contains minerals and fat-soluble vitamins?
• DRIs are categorized by age group and life stage.
• What happens during beta-oxidation?
• How is glycemic load (GL) calculated?
• Which of the following best describes the components of digestion as discussed?
• What are key dietary recommendations for managing diarrhea?
• What is the recommended daily fiber intake for treating constipation?
• Which structure houses brush border enzymes in the small intestine?
• Besides H. pylori, which factor is cited as a contributor to peptic ulcers?
• The EAR is defined as the value that would meet the needs of what percentage of people in a specific group?
• Which statement about bolus is true?
• Nutrigenomics is the study of how nutrition interacts with what to influence health?
• Fat-soluble vitamins have which characteristic?
• Maltase is made up of which monosaccharides?
• Which micronutrient is primarily associated with providing structure in the body and also regulating biochemical reactions?
• Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting dietary triglycerides from the intestine to peripheral tissues?
• What lifestyle modification is recommended for managing heartburn?
• Which additional hormone is mentioned as stimulating glucose production along with glucagon?
• Name a micronutrient that functions as a cofactor for energy metabolism enzymes (e.g., NAD+/NADH).
• Which hormone stimulates glucose production and mobilizes energy stores during fasting or stress?
• What is the role of the gut microbiota in nutrition?
• Which organ produces most of the digestive enzymes for carbohydrate, protein, and fat digestion?
• Which mineral is associated with hemoglobin synthesis, and which vitamin enhances its non-heme absorption?
• The suffix -ogen indicates which of the following about pepsinogen?
• What does nutrient bioavailability mean?
• What term describes the biochemical activity that occurs in cells and releases energy from nutrients?
• Which term describes the energy-related processes inside cells, including release of energy from nutrients and production of new molecules?
• What is the RDA concept, and how is it used?
• Which nutrient is primarily absorbed in the duodenum?
• Which statement about mucus in the stomach is true?
• What nutrient is commonly added back to refined grains during enrichment?
• Which statement about essential amino acids is true?